Nattokinase vs. Lumbrokinase Rumors
- Dr. Thomas J. Lewis
- 7 days ago
- 31 min read
Most functional doctors assert that Lumbrokinase is superior to Nattokinase. Some say it is 30 times more effective.
What does the data say?
The short answer is: NOTHING!
Rumor is NOT evidence.
First, Lumbrokinase is seldom (if ever) compared to nattokinase using the same measure of efficacy.
When searching AI for an answer regarding effectiveness comparisons, this is what is obtained.
Lumbrokinase, an enzyme extracted from earthworms, is known for its fibrinolytic activity, meaning it helps to break down fibrin, a protein that forms the meshwork of blood clots. This activity is measured in Fibrinolytic Units (FU) or Lumbrokinase Units (LU).
The typical fibrinolytic activity of lumbrokinase supplements per gram can vary depending on the product and extraction method. However, some supplements are standardized to a certain level of activity, such as 10,000 FU per gram. One source suggests that a good quality lumbrokinase product will deliver approximately 20,000 units per milligram, so 40 mg would equal 800,000 FU. **
The ** are for a reference. The reference is an Amazon product review!! Not exactly credible.
This search (LUMBROKINASE FIBRINOLYTIC UNITS PER GRAM) reveals something very different.
Lumbrokinase, a group of fibrinolytic enzymes, is often measured in Fibrinolytic Units (FU) per gram to indicate its activity. Different brands and products may have varying levels of FU per gram, with some standardized to 10,000 FU/gram. It's important to note that these units are not universally standardized, and individual companies may use their own proprietary methods.
Note that nattokinase is reported to be 20,000 FU/gram. My math suggests, then, that natto is twice as effective compared to lumbro.
Fibrinolytic Activity:
Lumbrokinase enzymes help break down fibrin, a protein involved in blood clotting. Measuring their activity in FU/gram helps quantify their fibrinolytic potential.
Variations in Measurement:
While some products are standardized to 10,000 FU/gram, others may have different concentrations, as indicated by the range of 2,000 FU to 2,000,000 FU (???) per serving or capsule.
Wow! The 2,000,000 FU must come from one heck of an earthworm!
Importance of Unit Consistency:
It's crucial to be aware that LKUs (Lumbrokinase Units) are not universally standardized and may differ between manufacturers, making direct comparisons challenging.
I conducted a thorough search in PubMed for studies on lumbrokinase efficacy. There are no human studies published. As you are aware, there is a key nattokinase study, as indicated in my previous blogs and presented below.
Why Lumbrokinase? My answer is, only as a complement to nattokinase. And, many supplements contain both. But the DOSE MATTERS. And the dose for lumbrokinase HAS NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED.
However, these 2 proteolytic enzymes are not created equally. So, it may be advantageous to take both. Here are the differences.
While both enzymes break down fibrin, a protein involved in blood clot formation, lumbrokinase is often cited as having significantly greater fibrinolytic activity, with some sources stating it is 30 times stronger than nattokinase. Lumbrokinase also appears to be more targeted in its action, primarily affecting existing clots without significantly impacting healthy blood clotting mechanisms.
Here's a more detailed comparison:
Lumbrokinase:
Fibrinolytic Activity:
Primarily targets fibrin, the protein involved in blood clot formation.
Mechanism:
Works by breaking down fibrin, reducing its levels, and indirectly reducing the size of clots.
Specificity:
More specific in its action, meaning it may not interfere with normal blood clotting processes, making it potentially safer.
Clinical Considerations:
It may be a more targeted option for long-term use and individuals concerned about potential bleeding risks associated with other fibrinolytic agents.
Nattokinase:
Fibrinolytic Activity:
Breaks down fibrin and may also degrade thrombin, an enzyme involved in clot formation.
Mechanism:
It can impact both existing clots and the formation of new ones, which may increase the risk of bleeding in some individuals.
Clinical Considerations:
It may not be as targeted as lumbrokinase, and its impact on clotting factors like PT, PTT, and INR could be a concern for some individuals.
He is another source that compares and contrasts the two.
Nattokinase and Lumbrokinase are both enzymes that have shown potential in promoting cardiovascular health, particularly through their fibrinolytic activity (ability to break down fibrin, a protein involved in blood clotting). However, they differ in their origin and some aspects of their action:
Nattokinase
Origin: Derived from natto, a traditional Japanese food made from fermented soybeans.
Benefits: May help dissolve blood clots, lower blood pressure, support healthy cholesterol levels, and improve circulation. Some studies suggest it might have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects as well.
Risks: May increase the risk of bleeding, particularly when combined with blood-thinning medications like warfarin or aspirin. WebMD notes that if you have a soy allergy, consuming nattokinase could trigger an allergic reaction. It is not recommended for children or pregnant/breastfeeding women due to a lack of safety evidence.
Note: The FDA does not regulate dietary supplements in the same way as medications. It's crucial to choose products from reputable manufacturers and consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement.
Lumbrokinase
Origin: A group of enzymes derived from earthworms, specifically Lumbricus rubellus.
Benefits: Also exhibits fibrinolytic activity, potentially helping dissolve blood clots and improve circulation, according to Patsnap Synapse. It has shown potential in studies for treating ischemic stroke and preventing atherosclerosis. Lumbrokinase may also have anti-inflammatory properties.
Risks: Can interact with blood-thinning and cardiovascular medications, increasing the risk of bleeding, according to Patsnap Synapse. Side effects can include gastrointestinal discomfort, allergic reactions, headaches, and dizziness. Individuals with bleeding disorders or those on anticoagulant/antiplatelet medications should use lumbrokinase with caution and under medical supervision.
Previous blogs on proteolytic enzymes.
Much confusion revolves around nattokinase. The particular issues revolve around...
Activity of nattokinase per unit of measure (usually expressed as fibrinolytic units per gram or milligram). Based on my research, they all have the same fibrinolytic units, except some require 1 capsule while others require 2. It's the way they pack the capsule (with other ingredients), or it may be due to the size of the capsule.
Reported dosage of nattokinase. AGAIN - LOOK AT THE # OF CAPSULES PER DOSE.
Much confusion revolves around nattokinase. The particular issues revolve around...
SUMMARY: IF A PRODUCT / MANUFACTURER INDICATES THAT THE FU OF THE PRODUCT IS MORE THAN 20,000/g, or MORE THAN 3,000 FU/150mg - they probably cannot do math - because none of these supplement companies are doing studies. Thus, they are relying on the supplier for information, and it appears that the few true suppliers all report the same efficacy. This will be clearer at the bottom of the blog.
The answer to the title of the blog is: yes, they are all the same. The only difference is the NSK-SD has K2 removed, and may be better tested.
What is nattokinase?
Nattokinase, a powerful enzyme produced during the fermentation of soybeans by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis (natto), is primarily known for its fibrinolytic (blood clot-dissolving) activity, known as FU or fibrinolytic units. While nattokinase itself is a single enzyme (Subtilisin NAT), there are variations in the way it is sourced, produced, and presented as a supplement. I call this "branding" of the nattokinase product sold by the supplement provider.
There are two (2) brands (distinct from types) of nattokinases as explained in an earlier blog (below)
** Nattokinase and,
** Nattokinase NSK-SD
NSK-SD is a specific, trademarked type of nattokinase, an enzyme extracted from natto, a traditional Japanese food made from fermented soybeans. It's known for its high purity and effectiveness in supporting healthy fibrinolytic activity and blood flow. NSK-SD is not a type of nattokinase, but rather a brand name for a particular nattokinase product that has been standardized and purified by Japan Bio Science Laboratory.
In essence, while all NSK-SD® is nattokinase, not all nattokinase is NSK-SD®. The term NSK-SD® represents a specific and well-documented form of nattokinase, offering assurances of quality, safety, and effectiveness backed by research.
Nattokinase (general): Nattokinase is an enzyme found in natto, a traditional Japanese food made from fermented soybeans. Natto is a rich source of vitamin K2 (menaquinone or MK-7), which is important for bone health and may also have a role in cardiovascular health. Therefore, natto itself contains vitamin K2.
Nattokinase NSK-SD: This is a patented, branded form of nattokinase that has had all naturally occurring vitamin K2 removed through a specific manufacturing process. NSK-SD was the first nattokinase introduced into the US market and has established standardization and quality levels for all nattokinase, with comprehensive safety studies and proven potency.
Vitamin K2 plays a crucial role in maintaining bone and heart health, and also contributes to blood clotting. It does this by activating proteins that regulate calcium in the body. Specifically, it helps move calcium from the blood vessels into the bones and teeth, and away from soft tissues, such as arteries.
In this respect, it appears that nattokinase, rather than the NSK-SD version, is preferred for regulating calcium levels in your vessels, despite the purification process.
Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) are both forms of Vitamin K, but they differ in their sources and some of their roles within the body. Vitamin K1 is primarily found in leafy green vegetables and is crucial for blood clotting. Vitamin K2, found in animal products and fermented foods, plays a key role in bone and cardiovascular health.
We need vitamins K1 AND K2 even though they may seem at odds. If you cut yourself, you will appreciate the action of K1 to clot, leading to the healing of the wound. If you have atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), you will appreciate K2, as it helps break down CHRONIC vascular clots that have little to do with the healing process, but instead, reflect misplaced clots. These clots, or calcifications, are often caused by a localized chronic infectious process in your vessels, leading to vascular and heart disease.
You can certainly take nattokinase NSK-SD and also supplement with vitamin K2 - but don't forget vitamin D (makes calcium bioavailable), magnesium, and boron.
Magnesium plays a crucial role in maintaining proper calcium balance within the body. It acts as a regulator for calcium absorption, utilization, and excretion, ensuring that calcium levels are appropriately maintained in both bones and soft tissues. Magnesium is also essential for the activation of vitamin D, which is itself vital for calcium absorption.
Boron plays a role in calcium metabolism, helping the body utilize calcium more effectively. It can reduce the urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium, thus helping to retain these minerals in the body. This effect is particularly important for bone health, as boron aids in the absorption of calcium and magnesium, both crucial for maintaining bone density and strength. Additionally, boron may influence hormone levels, including estrogen and testosterone, which are also involved in regulating calcium and maintaining bone health. Boron "frees up" hormones bound in the sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). If your total testosterone is normal but your free testosterone is low, for example, Boron may contribute to the release from the bound to the free version.
Activity of nattokinase per unit of measure (usually expressed as fibrinolytic units per gram or milligram)
In general, the activity of nattokinase on most supplements is reported as 20,000 FU per gram. AND, most nattokinase capsules are either 100mg (0.1g) or 150mg (0.15g). That being the case, here is how much you need to take of each, for a year, to reduce your coronary calcium score based on the research presented in the first blog on this topic (and reproduced below). The "magic" number of FUs to reduce coronary calcium is 10,800. I believe you are safe to take 11,000 or even 12,000. It's very difficult to take a nattokinase supplement to get to exactly 10,800 FU.
** Nattokinase 100mg (0.1g)
Since most nattokinase are reported to have 20,000 FU/g, then each capsule of 100mg has 2,000 FU. Therefore, you need to take 5-6 daily to get to either 10,000 FU or 12,000 FU. If you are a stickler to follow the study amount (10,800), take 5 on day one and 6 on day 2 and keep rotating in this manner for 365 days.
**Nattokinase 150mg (0.15g)
Using the same assumption of 1g=20,000 FU, and the dose on the label indicates 1 capsule contains 150mg, then....
1 capsule = 3,000 FU and you need to take 3 to get to 9,000 FU and 4 to get to 12,000 FU. Again, you can rotate between taking 3 a day and 4 per day to get close to the 10,800 reported in the study.
***(warning, the label may indicate you need to take 2 capsules to get the 150mg).
If you don't recall the study, here is the key portion of the abstract.
"Nattokinase (NK), known as a potent fibrinolytic and antithrombotic agent, has been shown to have anti-atherosclerotic effects. However, data on human clinical studies are limited. In this clinical study involving 1,062 participants, our objective was to examine the efficacy of NK in atherosclerosis and safety at the dose of 10,800 FU/day after 12 months of oral administration.
Various factors, including lower doses that influence NK pharmacological actions, were also investigated. We found that NK at a dose of 10,800 FU/day effectively managed the progression of atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia with a significant improvement in the lipid profile.
A significant reduction in the thickness of the carotid artery intima-media and the size of the carotid plaque was observed. The improvement rates ranged from 66.5 to 95.4%."
Reported dosage of nattokinase. Trouble in paradise?
Here is a nattokinase supplement that claims to be 5 times more effective than most, if not all, other supplements. They report 10,000 FU per 100mg!
I'm not revealing the brand pending proof from the company as to its effectiveness.
NOTE: The nattokinase NSK-SD, the gold standard, reports 2,000 FU per 100mg.
If their product is truly 5 times stronger, they need to support it with data. What data, you ask? Well, they need to demonstrate, through a study, that their 100 mg has fibrinolytic (blood clot-dissolving) activity, measured as FU or fibrinolytic units. By measuring the change in clots for their product versus the standard products with 2,000 FU. I don't believe this has been done. Keep in mind, supplements are unregulated. Thus, studies are voluntary but claims can be made regardless. Buyer beware!
Incorrect label information example.
Here is what they say about the supplement, with no supporting references. My assumption is they don't really understand the relationship between milligrams and FU.
Nattokinase is a potent proteolytic enzyme that supports cardiovascular health. Nattokinase is produced by the bacterium bacillus subtilis during the fermentation of non-GMO soybeans (natto). With the Nattokinase Blend, the unit of activity measurement is Fibrinolysis Units. The supplement has 10,000 FU, which equates to 100mg of nattokinase per serving.
******* ONE OF MY CONFUSED CLIENTS REACHED OUT TO THE MANUFACTURER OF A PRODUCT (not sure which one), AND GOT THIS ANSWER ABOUT DOSAGE. All the data is provided below, including the company - DaVinci Labs. Their explanation is SPOT-ON AND COMPLETELY INCONSISTENT WITH THE LABEL ABOVE.....
"My apologies for the confusion.
Per regulations, this label is written how enzymes are supposed to be written on labels to be compliant.
Enzyme (enzyme potency units/g) or mg in formula:
Regulations: FDA (21 C.F.R. § 101.36(b)(3)(ii)(A)) require that input on the label be in milligrams, so you’ll see ALL of our enzymes AND probiotics written this way, where the label will show you the input in milligrams and the activity in parentheses.
To provide our customers with the most comprehensive information, as members of CRN (Council for Responsible Nutrition), we follow not only the 21 CFR set forth by the FDA, but also CRN enzyme labeling guidelines, which include activity in parentheses with the milligram amounts.
We get the Nattokinase sent to us in the amount of 20,000 FU/g (which, FU/g is the universal measurement for Nattokinase)
We take 150mg and that is what we physically put into the capsule- that is the physical weight.
We need to then convert FU/g to mg, so we need to multiple 20,000 FU/g x .150 = 3,000 FU per 2 capsules or 1,500 per capsule****
Here is there label.
Here is a case where you need to take 2 capsules to reach the dose of 150mg or 3,000 FU. Many other product hit the 150mg = 3,000 FU with 1 capsule - read carefully and practice 3rd grade math! (OK, maybe 4th grade!!!)
***** MAKE SURE YOU LOOK AT THE SERVING SIZE AND THE TOTAL DOSE! *****
Here is the rest of the label for your interest.
I am not endorsing Da Vinci Labs, but I have taken their product. Now that I understand we need to take 10,800 FU/day to reduce vascular plaques, Di Vinci is off the table. Why? Try doing the math yourself before reading my answer.
One Di Vinci capsule contains 1,500 FU, which means you have to take 7 capsules per day.
1,500 x 7 = 10,500 FU
Go to a previous blog to find the best value available on Fullscript. The answer is reproduced here.
This product provides 4,000 FU nattokinase per capsule thus 3 are required daily which is what they recommend. It is the best value.
PREVIOUS RECENT BLOGS ON NATTOKINASE
Is a substance your liver produces and is found in HIGH CONCENTRATIONS in your brain and the brains of all animals, really a cause of heart disease? Of course, the substance is cholesterol. I'll let you answer this question.
The chart below shows the trends in heart disease in the U.S. from 1900-2007.
This chart shows the relationship between heart disease and smoking trends, and also shows that statin drugs INCREASE heart disease despite what big pharma promotes.
Interestingly, the package insert for Crestor - the #1 selling drug ever - and a statin, confirms that statin drugs INCREASE MORTALITY RISK.
Here is text from the crestor package insert that comes with every crestor prescription (which no one reads).
"Rosuvastatin (crestor) significantly reduced the risk of myocardial infarction (6 fatal events and 62 nonfatal events in placebo treated subjects vs. 9 fatal events and 22 nonfatal events in rosuvastatin-treated subjects)."
Despite the kind words presented in the language above, the data shows the following:
Crestor-treated group: 9 deaths
Placebo group: 6 deaths
Using relative statistics that is how the drug companies try to create a positive spin on their useless drugs - Going from 6 deaths to 9 deaths represents a....
50% higher rate of death on Crestor compared to no statin treatment!
Only the drug companies could try to put lipstick on this deadly (statin) pig!
What has been happening in America since 1900?
More food processing
More chemical additives to food
More chemicals in everything
Plastics.... Watch the movie, "The Graduate". https://youtu.be/Dug-G9xVdVs?si=f_y4s86ncEBWrqDp
Smoking increases and then decreases
Less exercise
Less sun exposure
Low-fat diets
Smoking (but the current trend is down)
Statin drugs - Reduction in naturally produced substances such as LDL. Their own data show a 50% increase in death for people on statin vs those NOT on statin.
The net of all this is a loss in immunity.
What happens when immunity declines? Inflammation and stealth infections increase. Whence do these infections come? They are already there and bring us back to the earth when we die. However, as our immunity declines, as explained in 1-10 above, these organisms activate prematurely. This is the key mechanism of premature aging and diseases like cancer and heart disease.
How does smoking lead to heart disease? Smoking is not an infection, after all.
Smoking causes inflammation of the lungs. This makes your lungs more susceptible to chlamydia pneumoniae, which is already in the body of most of us, but is under control.
"A large portion of the population is exposed to Chlamydia pneumoniae. By the age of 20, about 50% of people have antibodies indicating past infection, and by 60-70 years old, that number rises to 80%." Smoking most likely allows the chlamydial organism to replicate and cause harm - the dose makes the poison. And, this organism can leave the lungs and cause harm in vessels, causing a variety of diseases, from heart disease to Alzheimer's to arthritis.
Did I mention that chlamydia pneumoniae infection leads to vessel calcification? You can assume that most chronic infections of any type use calcium for survival and deposit it where they live - in your vessels.
AI Overview
Yes, Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) does utilize calcium, and manipulating calcium levels can impact its growth and persistence within host cells. C. pneumoniae infection can lead to altered calcium signaling pathways and gene expression related to calcium, potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of diseases like Alzheimer's.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
C. pneumoniae infection alters host cell calcium levels, influencing the bacterium's ability to survive and replicate.
Studies suggest that calcium signaling plays a role in the persistence of C. pneumoniae within host cells, potentially impacting antibiotic treatment strategies.
Does nattokinase treat chlamydia pneumoniae?
Nattokinase reverses calcified vessels and heart disease, but does it address the causes? In a previous blog, I showed how nattokinase has antibiotic activity against some bacterial pathogens.
This article references natto and chlamydia pneumoniae but falls short of suggesting that natto (nattokinase too) treats c. pneumoniae.
What does treat chlamydia pneumoniae and other organisms that calcify your vessels?
Doxycycline (also effective for Lyme disease in many, but not all instances. Dose and duration matter.
Here are many blogs I've written that discuss doxycycline.
AS A BONUS:
I am not suggesting that doxycycline is preferred over nattokinase to reduce the ,coronary calcium score. Quite on the contrary!
I AM suggesting that doxycycline is more effective at reducing stealth pathogen burdens - WHICH ARE THE CAUSE OF VESSEL CALCIFICATION.
What is my action plan?
I already take doxycycline regularly - for post-COVID, periodontal infections, past (and maybe reactivating Lyme disease), and as an immune-supporting treatment. I don't take it continuously, but do "pulse" it. If interested in learning more, schedule a consultation with me.
THIS TREATS A BROAD RANGE OF INFECTIONS THAT CAUSE CALCIFICATION.
Nattokinase at ~11,000 FU daily for a year and then periodically.
THIS REDUCES CALCIFICATION.
I SEE THIS 1-2 PUNCH AS A WIN/WIN.
There are options for doxycycline, but for the more virulent organisms, natural antibiotics and immune-supporting substances are inadequate. These options can also be discussed in a consult.
PREVIOUS BLOGS ON NATTOKINASE AND REDUCTION IN VESSEL CALCIFICATION
Most of you reading this have come across "nattokinase." But have you also seen Nattokinase NSK-SD? Do you know the difference? They are slight but don't really have an impact on reversing vessel calcification.
What is NSK-SD®?
NSK-SD® is the world’s first nattokinase to enter the market, and the only nattokinase with its own published safety, efficacy, and identity data. Nattokinase is an enzyme that was discovered in the Japanese traditional fermented food natto. It is naturally produced during the fermentation process of soybeans by Bacillus subtilis natto.
Nattokinase and the NSK-SD® version have been shown in studies to have many cardiovascular health benefits, such as degrading blood clots directly and indirectly, decreasing hypertension, improving blood circulation, decreasing inflammation, and more.
Both "nattokinase" and "Nattokinase NSK-SD" refer to the same enzyme, but NSK-SD designates a specific, patented form of nattokinase that has undergone extensive research and testing.
Here's a breakdown of the differences:
Nattokinase: This is the general name for the enzyme produced during the fermentation of soybeans (natto) by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis natto. It's recognized for its fibrinolytic (blood clot-dissolving) properties.
Nattokinase NSK-SD: This is a branded form of nattokinase that stands out due to its:
Extensive Research: NSK-SD is the only nattokinase with published safety, efficacy, and identity data, supported by numerous clinical studies.
Patented Production: It's produced from non-genetically modified soybeans fermented with a specific strain of Bacillus subtilis natto and includes a patented process for removing Vitamin K2.
Quality and Consistency: NSK-SD is standardized for its fibrinolytic activity and undergoes rigorous identity testing to ensure authenticity and potency.
Recognized and Approved: It's recognized by organizations like the Japan Health and Nutrition Food Authorization (JHFA) and the Japan Nattokinase Association (JNKA).
Why is k2 removed from nattokinase NSK-SD?
It's important to understand the role of vitamin K2 in nattokinase supplements, especially for those considering taking them alongside certain medications.
Here's a breakdown:
Nattokinase is an enzyme that has blood-thinning properties. Vitamin K2 plays a role in blood coagulation, essentially helping to clot blood.
Interaction with Anticoagulants: If you're taking blood-thinning medications like warfarin, vitamin K2 can reduce their effectiveness. This could potentially lead to an increased risk of blood clots, which is why it's recommended to remove vitamin K2 from nattokinase supplements, especially for individuals using such medications.
Safety and Efficacy: The removal of vitamin K2 ensures that nattokinase supplements remain safe for a wider range of users, especially those on blood thinners. One clinical study on the NSK-SD version of nattokinase (which is devoid of vitamin K2) demonstrated its effectiveness and safety in influencing blood coagulation without adverse effects.
Complementary vs. Conflicting Effects: While nattokinase works to thin the blood and help dissolve clots, vitamin K2 helps create clear pathways by preventing arterial calcification, ensuring blood flows freely. The presence of both in the traditional food natto doesn't necessarily mean they cancel each other out in the body, but it highlights the need for careful consideration when supplementing, particularly for individuals on anticoagulant therapy.
In essence, removing vitamin K2 from nattokinase supplements is primarily a safety measure, particularly for individuals on anticoagulant medications. If you're considering taking these supplements, it's essential to talk to your healthcare provider to assess potential interactions with any medications you're taking and determine the best approach for your individual needs.
Japan Bio Science Laboratory is the pioneer in the research of nattokinase, and in 1998, was the first company in the world to isolate and market this unique enzyme. NSK-SD® is fermented using JBSL’s patented strain of Bacillus subtilis natto. JBSL has also patented the removal of Vitamin K2 from nattokinase. Consider reading https://www.nsk-sd.info/
Do all nattokinase NSK-SD have K2 removed?
Yes, nattokinase NSK-SD® is specifically processed to remove all naturally occurring vitamin K2. This is a patented process implemented by Japan Bio Science Laboratory (JBSL), the developer of NSK-SD®. The removal of vitamin K2 is done because it can interfere with certain medications
CAUTION: The recommended dose to reverse vessel calcification is ~11,000 FU for 1 year. You will often see that the product states it contains 20,000 FU/g.
NOTE - A CAPSULE IS NOT 1 GRAM! OFTEN THEN ARE 150mg OR EVEN 75mg. Thus, even though you see 20,000 FU on the label - that is if you take 1 gram worth. Since they are often 75mg, 100mg, or 150mg, you need to take the following - if it is indeed 20,000 FU/g (g = gram).
75 mg nattokinase per capsule = 1,500 FU - Thus, 7 capsules/day
100 mg nattokinase per capsule = 2,000 FU - Thus, 5.5 capsules/day
150 mg nattokinase per capsule = 3,000 FU - Thus 3.5 capsules/day
Stock up! There isn't too much difference between ivermectin and nattokinase. I don't mean they do the same thing. I more mean how they are produced from nature with minor modification. Now, that there is compelling data that nattokinase reverses vascular calcification, it won't be long before the Feds (FDA) regulate nattokinase.
I asked AI the following question: why is nattokinase a supplement and ivermectin is not
Ivermectin is a prescription medication, not a supplement, while nattokinase is primarily available as a dietary supplement. This difference in classification is primarily due to how the two substances are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the scientific evidence supporting their respective uses.
Here's a breakdown of the key reasons for this distinction:
Ivermectin
Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug that has been FDA-approved for human use in specific, precise doses to treat certain parasitic worm infections (e.g., intestinal strongyloidiasis and onchocerciasis).
It is also available in topical formulations for treating head lice and certain skin conditions like rosacea.
Ivermectin's status as a prescription medication means that it requires a doctor's evaluation and prescription to ensure appropriate dosage, potential drug interactions, and to monitor for any side effects.
Nattokinase
Nattokinase is an enzyme derived from natto, a traditional Japanese food made from fermented soybeans.
It is primarily sold as a dietary supplement, often marketed for its potential benefits for cardiovascular health, such as improving circulation and reducing the risk of blood clots.
Unlike prescription drugs, dietary supplements are not subject to the same strict FDA approval process and regulations. Manufacturers are responsible for ensuring the safety and accurate labeling of their products.
While some studies have shown promise for nattokinase in areas like reducing blood pressure and preventing blood clots, more research, especially large-scale human studies, is still needed to fully understand its effectiveness and safety for long-term use. - WHEN THIS HAPPENS, DON'T BE SURPRISED IF IT BECOMES A PRESCRIPTION "MEDICATION."
PREVIOUS NATTOKINASE BLOGS
The standard explanation on how nattokinase works - as explained by AI is as follows.
Nattokinase, an enzyme found in the traditional Japanese fermented soybean dish natto, works by impacting the body's clotting and fibrinolysis systems.
Here's how it's believed to work:
Directly breaks down fibrin: Fibrin is a protein that plays a key role in forming blood clots. Nattokinase directly breaks down fibrin, which can help prevent blood clots from forming and even dissolve existing clots.
Enhances fibrinolytic activity: It can also indirectly enhance the body's natural clot-dissolving mechanisms.
Activates plasmin: Nattokinase promotes the production of plasmin, an enzyme responsible for breaking down blood clots.
Increases tissue plasminogen activator (tPA): It can raise levels of tPA, a protein that triggers plasmin production, leading to increased clot breakdown.
Degrades plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1): PAI-1 is an inhibitor of tPA, meaning it hinders the process of breaking down blood clots. Nattokinase degrades PAI-1, which removes this inhibition and further enhances fibrinolytic activity.
In essence, nattokinase acts as a natural blood thinner by both directly degrading the proteins involved in clot formation and by promoting the body's own ability to break down clots.
It's important to note that nattokinase has also been associated with other cardiovascular benefits, including the potential to lower blood pressure and cholesterol, reduce plaque buildup in the arteries (atherosclerosis), and potentially offer neuroprotective effects. However, more research, especially large-scale human clinical trials, is needed to confirm these effects and establish clear guidelines for dosage and safe usage.
Interestingly, nattokinase also reduces calcium plaques, as discussed in the previous blogs. What is the difference between a fibrin and calcium-based plaque?
A calcium plaque is a deposit in the artery wall that includes calcium and other substances, including fibrin.
A fibrin clot is a blood clot formed in response to injury or plaque rupture, where fibrin plays a critical role in its structure and stability. Fibrinogen activity - a biomarker - is often elevated in this process. However, Fibrinogen activity may also be low when micro clots are caused by a pike protein.
While fibrin is a component of plaque, the terms "calcium plaque" and "fibrin clot" refer to different (but related) structures and processes in cardiovascular disease.
Here are further definitions created by "deep-dive AI."
Is a calcium plaque the same as a fibrin clot
No, a calcium plaque is not the same as a fibrin clot, although they are related and can both contribute to cardiovascular disease.
.
Calcium plaque (calcified plaque)
Definition: A buildup of calcium and other vessel-repairing substances like cholesterol, fatty compounds, and cellular waste products within the walls of arteries.
Formation: Occurs as part of atherosclerosis, a disease where plaque accumulates and hardens in the arteries, often caused by inflammation, and sub-acute infection that drives the inflammatory process.
Impact: Can narrow and stiffen arteries, hindering blood flow and increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
Fibrin clot
Definition: A blood clot formed by a protein called fibrin, which is generated in response to bleeding or injury. This is what the biomarker Fibrinogen activity detects.
Formation: Fibrinogen, a soluble protein, is converted to insoluble fibrin by thrombin, a clotting enzyme, leading to the formation of a fibrin mesh that traps platelets and seals the injury.
Impact: Essential for stopping bleeding, but can also lead to thrombosis if clots form inappropriately, blocking blood flow and potentially causing heart attacks or strokes.
In some respects, then, calcium plaques "harden the arteries" while fibrin clots are part of the repair pathway for damaged vessels.
Does nattokinase do more than break up clots?
In the previous blog below, I explained that one source of vessel calcification is stealth and chronic infections like those from periodontal disease or organisms like chlamydia pneumoniae. These organisms are the root cause in a generally unhealthy host (you) due to modern diets, environments, and behaviors.
I asked AI the question about the potential antibiotic activity of nattokinase. How you ask the question makes a profound difference in the response. Here are 2 queries.
Question 1: Is nattokinase an antibiotic?
Answer 1: Nattokinase is not an antibiotic. It is an enzyme that helps dissolve blood clots.
Here's a breakdown of what nattokinase is and does
Source: Nattokinase is an enzyme derived from natto, a traditional Japanese food made from fermented soybeans.
Function: Its primary function is as a fibrinolytic enzyme, meaning it helps break down fibrin, a protein that plays a key role in blood clot formation.
Potential Health Benefits: Nattokinase is often promoted for its potential to improve cardiovascular health, including lowering blood pressure and reducing the risk of blood clots and stroke.
Not an antibiotic: Nattokinase does not directly target and kill bacteria like antibiotics do.
Question 2: Does nattokinase have antibiotic activity?
Answer 2: Yes, nattokinase, an enzyme found in natto, can exhibit antibacterial properties, particularly against certain bacteria. It's not a broad-spectrum antibiotic like some pharmaceuticals, but it can inhibit the growth of specific bacteria.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
Natto and Bacteria:
Natto, a traditional Japanese food made from fermented soybeans, contains various active substances, including nattokinase and antibacterial peptides.
Antibacterial Activity:
Nattokinase, specifically, has shown antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 6 to 30 μg/ml.
Examples of Inhibition:
Studies have shown that nattokinase can inhibit the growth of bacteria like Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia spp., and Pseudomonas spp..
Mechanism:
Nattokinase's antibacterial action is thought to involve disrupting bacterial cell membranes and potentially inhibiting cell separation during division.
Beyond Antibacterial:
Nattokinase is also known for its fibrinolytic (blood clot-dissolving) properties and potential benefits in cardiovascular health.
Not a Substitute for Antibiotics:
While nattokinase exhibits antibacterial activity, it's not a replacement for conventional antibiotics, especially in treating serious bacterial infections. It's more accurately described as having antimicrobial or bacteriostatic properties, meaning it can inhibit bacterial growth rather than directly kill bacteria in all cases.
Potential Food Preservative:
Due to its ability to inhibit bacterial growth, nattokinase has potential as a food preservative to extend the shelf life of products like meat.
Lesson learned? When using AI, it is essential to be very specific (is nattokinase and an antibiotic) AND more general (does nattokinase have antibiotic activity). Indeed, nattokinase would NOT be classified as an antibiotic. The same holds true for Vitamin D, for example. Yet vitamin D clearly has anti-infective activity.
Summary:
Nattokinase, an enzyme found in the fermented soybean product natto, has gained attention for its potential benefits for cardiovascular health due to its fibrinolytic (clot-dissolving) properties.
Recent studies show that nattokinase, at the RIGHT DOSE and RIGHT DURATION, can reverse vessel calcification.
The completely underappreciated antibacterial properties of nattokinase may also contribute to plaque reduction and/or stop the calcification process.
PREVIOUS BLOGS ON NATTOKINASE AND REDUCTION IN CORONARY CALCIUM SCORES ARE FOUND BELOW.
Nattokinase is ONE solution to vessel calcification and slowing or stopping the development of cardiovascular disease. But, does it stop or reverse the "WHY" of heart disease? The answer is maybe, but nattokinase is NOT your only solution for vessel calcification.
Both traditional doctors and MOST functional doctors are in denial about chronic infections of the viral or bacterial ilk. I suggest anyone interested in learning about chronic bacterial (and viral) infections read "Plague Time" by Dr. Paul Ewald.
If you prefer a simpler version, read this article (subscription required).
Here is a link to a 2002 Scientific American article that discusses the role of oral pathogens, primarily bacteria, in relation to heart disease.
Here is what AI has to say about stealth and chronic infections, as well as the calcification of vessels.
Pathogens can contribute to vessel calcification through various mechanisms, primarily by triggering inflammation and influencing cellular changes in the vascular wall.
1. Infection and Inflammation:
Residence in atherosclerotic vessels: Infectious agents, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Chlamydia pneumoniae, have been found residing within the walls of atherosclerotic vessels.
Inflammatory response: The presence of pathogens can trigger an inflammatory response within the vessel wall, contributing to the development of atherosclerosis, a buildup of plaque in the arteries.
Intimal calcification: Lipid accumulation and atherosclerotic plaque development, fueled by inflammation, can lead to the calcification of the vessel intima (innermost layer).
2. Influencing Cell Differentiation:
Osteogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs): Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can transform into osteoblast-like cells, which are capable of producing bone-like matrix proteins and promoting mineralization.
Inflammatory and atherogenic stimuli: Inflammatory cytokines and modified lipids, which can be part of the response to pathogens and atherosclerosis, can induce this osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of VSMCs.
3. Impact on Calcium and Phosphate Balance:
Calcium phosphate deposition: Vascular calcification involves the deposition of calcium phosphate crystals, primarily hydroxyapatite.
Inflammation and altered mineral balance: Pathogens can contribute to vascular calcification by creating a chronic inflammatory state that, combined with altered mineral balance (e.g., changes in calcium and phosphate levels), promotes calcium phosphate deposition.
In summary, pathogens can contribute to vessel calcification by initiating an inflammatory response, promoting the transformation of vascular cells into bone-like cells, and disrupting the balance of calcium and phosphate that controls mineralization.
One of the best articles ever written is by doctors at UCSF who explain that lipids (your total cholesterol number) go up with inflammation and infection. This is important because your total cholesterol number goes up with calcification, as explained in the previous blog (reproduced below). Here is the key excerpt from their paper.
"The greater the severity of the underlying inflammatory disease, the more consistently these abnormalities in lipids and lipoproteins are observed. Treatment of the underlying disease leading to a reduction in inflammation results in the return of the lipid profile towards normal.
*** Note that it does not recommend treating the lipids with statin drugs. It says "treat the underlying disease (root-cause).***
The changes in lipids and lipoproteins that occur during inflammation and infection are part of the innate immune response and therefore are likely to play an important role in protecting the host."
What are the sources of chronic infections in your body?
Poor immunity and poor internal terrain due to a poor diet, lack of exercise, and lack of sunshine. Dr. Ewald explains that these organisms are already there. And, they are there for a reason, for the most part. Particularly, they are there to return us to the soil when we pass.
Congenital infections. I'm not blaming Mom and Dad, but pathogens are known to be passed on to offspring. The dose makes the poison.
Oral and nasal cavities: These areas of the body are particularly susceptible to infection. The nasal cavity, for example, is the coolest place in your body, and cool temperatures promote infections. That's why a fever is a defense mechanism against pathogens.
The gut: Low stomach acid and a weak microbiome may lead to the entry of pathogens.
Air: Pathogens float around and can enter the lungs. Please do not stop breathing. Instead, strengthen your immune system with a clean diet, regular exercise, adequate sunlight, and supplements such as iodine, vitamins A, C, and D.
Skin via tick bites, in particular. Almost everyone is aware of Lyme disease. Importantly, there is acute and chronic Lyme. The chronic phase of Lyme disease can occur when the acute (recent tick bite) is not treated promptly and effectively with natural and/or pharmaceutical antibiotics, such as tetracyclines.
Here, I explore an organism that can be transmitted to you congenitally or through the air. That organism is chlamydia pneumoniae.
I performed the following "title only" search in Google Scholar. It returned a substantial 460 references. Thus, researchers have established a connection between Chlamydia pneumoniae and vascular disease. If only the doctor community understood this connection!
Here is the link to the above article:
However, the best research paper ever written on this topic was authored by Dr. Kilmer S. McCully of Harvard Medical School.
Here are some excerpts that reference chlamydia pneumoniae specifically
"The presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in human coronary plaques was confirmed by electron microscopy [87,88]"
"Chlamydia pneumoniae is not the only microbe that is found in atherosclerotic plaques. Ott et al identified fragments from >50 different microbial species within atherosclerotic plaques, but not a single one in normal arterial tissue [102]."
"It is not even likely that antibiotics could eliminate Chlamydia pneumoniae, because this species is able to survive inside living cells, where they are resistant to the effects of antibiotics [106]."
Lewis comment: This organism CAN be reduced or eliminated but it requires a year or more of treatment and the treatment must include optimizing every aspect of your health as measured by: white blood cell counts, C-reactive protein, fasting insulin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and other markers of metabolic, inflammatory, and immune health.
"Creation of the vulnerable plaque. Obstruction of the vasa vasorum by aggregated lipoprotein complexes may increase the vulnerability of the cells that they nourish and lead to cell death because of localized ischemia of the vascular wall. Vasa vasorum may rupture, and the aggregated LDL particles with their load of microbial products will enter the arterial wall. These products may include living microorganisms, because viable Chlamydia pneumoniae have been cultured from atherosclerotic plaques by Ramirez [84] and Jackson et al [85]."
What is the point?
Calcified vessels leading to heart disease do not "fall from the sky." While a 1-year treatment with nattokinase (at an adequate dose) removes calcifications in your vessels, it may not address the underlying cause of the plaques. Look for the next blog on this topic where I dive deep into the actions of nattokinase.
PREVIOUS BLOG ON REVERSING VESSEL CALCIFICATION
Heart disease continues to be the #1 killer. What can you do about it?
Are you familiar with the term "reductionism?" The complex definition is given below. But, in my world, it is an oversimplification of a complex process. Not to say that a "reductionist" approach may not have benefits.
An example in healthcare is the following: Take a probiotic to solve your gut problems. If you have worked with me, you may be familiar with our 8-step process and evidence-driven approach to healing and optimizing your gut.
Reductionism: the practice of analyzing and describing a complex phenomenon in terms of phenomena that are held to represent a simpler or more fundamental level, especially when this is said to provide a sufficient explanation.
Here is encouraging news regarding the reversal of vessel calcification. Even though it is reductionist, I am now following the information presented in the study. Keep in mind that almost all research is reductionist in nature. The researchers carve out a niche in which they can secure funding (and compensation) for their efforts.
But, to quote Paul Harvey, what about "the rest of the story."
In this blog, I will not overcomplicate matters and will NOT dive into the rest of the story. Part of that story involves addressing why plaques and calcifications form in the first place. That will be the subject of subsequent blogs. So stay tuned.
The good news - and it's three-part.
Part 1: Using the correct dose of the proteolytic enzyme, nattokinase, will reverse coronary calcium scores - and by extension - harmful or even deadly vascular plaques of the calcium variety. I'm specifying the calcium variety as the JAB is known to cause fibrin plaques. But, nattokinase is known to reduce fibrin plaques.
Part 2: The study is published in the journal "Frontiers," which I believe is reasonably reliable, especially when compared to the more prestigious journals like JAMA, NEJM, and Lancet.
Part 3: Recently, one of my clients reported that his coronary calcium score decreased from over 500 to 0 (yes, zero) over the past year, and he was taking the correct dose of nattokinase. There is nothing like direct evidence corroborating a published study!
Here is a summary of the study.
Nattokinase (NK), known as a potent fibrinolytic and antithrombotic agent, has been shown to have antiatherosclerotic and lipid-lowering effects. However, data on human clinical studies are limited.
In this clinical study involving 1,062 participants, our objective was to examine the efficacy of NK in atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia and safety at the dose of 10,800 FU/day after 12 months of oral administration.
Various factors, including lower doses that influence NK pharmacological actions, were also investigated. We found that NK at a dose of 10,800 FU/day effectively managed the progression of atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia with a significant improvement in the lipid profile.
A significant reduction in the thickness of the carotid artery intima-media and the size of the carotid plaque was observed. The improvement rates ranged from 66.5 to 95.4%.
NK was found to be ineffective in lowering lipids and suppressing atherosclerosis progression at a dose of 3,600 FU/day.
Here is a link to the publication: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.964977/full
********* Important: Lipids improve because damage is reduced by the key action(s) of nattokinase. Lipids are the fatty substances that surround ALL HUMAN CELLS. Lipid-only lowering strategies INCREASE MORTALITY.
Here are a couple of reference for those of you who are (still) unaware of this:
Here are some key excerpts from the study:
Nattokinase administration
Nattokinase used throughout the study was administered orally as a nattokinase tablet approved by the China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) and manufactured by Sungen Bioscience Co, Ltd, Shantou, China. Each tablet contained 3,600 FU. The oral dosage used was 10,800 FU daily. Compliance was monitored weekly by the community center's health care staff.
Study design and participants
Participants were recommended to take NK as an alternative health treatment in an attempt to improve their cardiovascular health conditions or who voluntarily took NK as a health supplement to improve/maintain cardiovascular health. Before and 12 months after NK use, all participants had blood lipid levels tested and ultrasound was performed to examine the common carotid artery for atherosclerotic evidence.
To treat or not to treat? Do you change the oil in your car? Do you see a dentist regularly? Do you take dozens of supplements but do NOT know why for most of them? Now, most of you have a good reason to take at least 1 supplement.
What do I mean by "most of you?"
This is from google AI that is still woefully misinformed on the cause of vascular disease
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) can begin to be observed as early as the second decade of life, immediately after fatty streak formation, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) | (.gov). This process, also known as atherosclerosis, starts in the intimal layer of the artery walls with the development of microcalcifications, or very small calcium deposits.
However, these deposits may not be large enough to be detected on imaging scans in people in their 20s and 30s. (HOWEVER, THIS IS THE TIME TO INITIATE A TREATMENT.)
Factors influencing earlier onset:
Atherosclerosis typically starts in the teens and 20s, and changes can be seen in most people by their 30s.
Diabetes: Individuals with diabetes may develop CAC approximately 6.4 years earlier on average compared to those without the condition.
Other risk factors: Smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and a family history of coronary heart disease are individually associated with developing CAC 3.3-4.3 years earlier.
****AI CANNOT REPLACE GOOD DOCTORS YET - These are syndromes, for the most part - not causal factors. A key causal factor in people over 50 years old (because the plaques for people of this age are larger and more easily measured) is periodontal disease.
Periodontal Disease Is an Independent Predictor of Intracardiac Calcification
Another cause of coronary calcification is STATIN USE. Would anyone be surprised that this link no longer works?
Predicted age for first CAC scan (based on a 25% likelihood of detection):
Men with diabetes: Around 37 years of age.
Women with diabetes: Around 50 years of age.
Men without risk factors: Around 42 years of age.
Women without risk factors: Around 58 years of age.
In summary, while the process of calcification can begin quite early in life, it typically becomes observable through imaging in middle-aged and older adults, with specific timelines influenced by individual risk factors.
Dosage of Nattokinase for Reducing Coronary Calcification Scores
In the context of Nattokinase supplements, "FU" stands for Fibrinolytic Units. Your goal is to take ~11,000 FU Daily. Here are some product recommendations.
This is the product I use: It provides 20,000 FU per gram. It takes 2 capsules to provide 150 mg. Therefore, you must take 7 per day.
This product provides 4,000 FU nattokinase per capsule thus 3 are required daily which is what they recommend. It is the best value.
I often use Pure Encapsulations. Their product is 2,000 FU per capsule requiring 5-6 capsules/day.
Nattokinase 3000 has 3,000 FU per capsule in an 84 capsule container. Thus this will last 3 weeks at 4 capsules/day.
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